Ownership and Funding

Ownership:

Public service broadcasting intends to benefit the general public other than broadcasting purely about commercial purposes to gain added revenue. A great example of this would be BBC as they do not show any type of advertisements during their broadcasts, due to them bring funded by the government means they are an entirely un-profitable company.

Commercial broadcasting is the broadcasting of television programmes by privately owned corporate media, basically TV channels that are funded by companies that need advertising rather than the government. An example of this would be ITV as before almost every show they advertise a certain product or ideal.


Corporate and private ownership can involve many owners but it turns the business into a corporation, it is owned by a private company or a non-governmental agency. MTV is a great example of a private ownership on TV, unlike many channels which broadcast their programmes to a variety of ages, MTV broadcast there's to people aged 16-24, the average viewer is aged 21 years old. MTV started back in 1981 so it was the first music channel to start, making it a big hit for people as they had never seen anything like this before.

Global companies has a business or businesses that cover countries worldwide. An example of a global company is YouTube, YouTube is a universal company that allows people to view videos, TV shows and short films etc. from anywhere in the world, opening it up to a variety of age groups globally. By allowing this site to be visited any time and any where ensures it can earn more publicity.



Vertical Integration is when the production company has the ownership of the every part of the production, distribution and exhibition of the film by the same company, because of this they receive all of the profit. from which the production generates. Businesses could also own for example a magazine aswell as a radio broadcast. An example of vertical integration is the company Warner Bros. Harry Potter had special places on Time Magazine before and after the movie release to not only ensure people went to watch it, but to keep up DVD sales. There was also a television premiere to help boost viewers worldwide.

Horizontal Integration is where a production company grows into other areas of one industry. This allows the company to develop in a particular area of production or they can buy out another company that deals with these sectors. SONY Music works together with Simon Cowell's production company, Syco, to promote X - Factor and Britain's Got Talent artists. Now because SONY has more power and authority they get first choice on any artist and established SONY label artists are used on X - Factor shows.

Funding:

License Fees are set amounts of money that you have to pay to watch publicly broadcasted television. The majority of people pay this annually which calculates an average of £100+. Most of this money goes to the BBC as they are a public broadcast service. You could say everyone owns the BBC as TV licenses pay for the channel, which is why it doesn't have adverts. Even if you were to watch only BBC iplayer, this would still require a license as it is powered by the BBC.

Subscriptions are a long term payment that can be paid weekly, monthly or annually which is committed to TV broadcasting. SKY is a perfectly good example of a TV subscription service, they charge monthly for specific parts; such as Atlantic, Discovery and Movies. By paying SKY monthly you are able to watch channels that are under these categories but you still have to pay for a TV license.

One off payments are types of media that you pay for once and then own it forever. This isn't just a one off thing, you can do this as many times as you wish, however depending on how much you buy it may be worth considering a subscription instead. An example of one off payment services is iTunes as you are able to buy music and movie based videos without having a subscription, which is very efficient if you aren't planning on buying a lot of things.




Pay per view normally only allows you to view the certain clip or programme once your payment has been confirmed and processed, from this point you will be able to watch the programme for however long you paid for. Examples of this is like Virgin and SKY when boxing matches or other important sport matches that are being broadcasted. You pay to watch the match until it is over. You still have to obviously pay the license fee.

Sponsorships usually support certain channels or programmes. Channels agree to show adverts of companies to promote a certain product or ideal before programmes. Coronation Street is an example of a sponsored programme on ITV, they used to be sponsored by Cadbury's which would have paid to get their advert shown before the programme. Companies that choose which channels they want to put their advert on will have to think hard about what people will be watching. So if Compare the Meerkat.com sponsored a programme on CBBC the chances are that it would not be successful.

Advertising is a very popular way of promoting a companies ideal, the money for this goes towards the broadcaster which allows them to carry on putting up shows for us to see, people that are wanting to have an advert put up have to find slots available, if all are taken, theirs can't be shown. depending on what programme is on, depends on how much it will be to put up an advert at that time; for example, if you choose to have an advert up at the time Britain's Got Talent is on, the price could be around £150,000.

Product placement is almost exactly the same as advertising, however instead of  promoting a companies product through use of an advert, it is done by position the companies chosen product in the programme or film itself. The company will have to pay an excessive amount of money for this but may give a strong boost in sales for their product. Back to the Future Part II has product placement during the diner scene, when Marty is watching the TV a glass of Pepsi comes out of the table, this allows Pepsi's drink to be seen by everyone that watches this movie.



Private capital means that a broadcaster is funded by a private company or owner. Annapurna Pictures which is founded by Megan Ellison is a private capital company; iconic movies produced are True Grit, Lawless and Terminator 5 etc.





Crowd funding is where the public donate money to your proposed movie that you publish on a certain website. from here you can use the money you receive to make and produce the movie. An example of a crowd-funding website is Kick starter. Here you can see loads of proposals of movies which people want to create. However if their proposal doesn't get enough funding they wont be able to claim the money that have raised. But if all goes well and you reach your goal, you can make and produce your movie. "Ashens and the quest for the gamechild" was a big hit on the page "Indie gogo", it finally raised around £50,000 for the production of the movie to take place.

Development funding helps to expand the look/quality, passion and ambition for film directors in the UK. Anyone is able to apply for one but as they are of a high demand there is any chance that you could be declined. You are able to apply for development fund by a series of processes. These are the following:

• Signature Awards
• First feature film development programme
• Feature film development programme
• Production company vision awards